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Fezzan - The Sahara Cities -

 

1- Sebha :

It's the jumping –off point for desert trips ,arriving either by bus or by air

 

2- Garama & Zinkikra:

Herodotus said about it in his fourth book :
"The Libyan Garamante tribe settles Fezzan region, definitely on Zinkikra mountain , their oxen-at graze time- walk backwards because of their huge forward leaning horns ,and they dominate the Sahara, their chariots routes reach Ghadames till Niger borders. Garamantes also practices elephant, Ostrich hunting, and they are brave warriors chasing the Ethiopians-cave dwellers-by chariots drawn by horses". Excavation have indicated that the earliest occupation was Neolithic, dating from at least the 1st millennium BC. Some excavation work has been carried out in the center of the city, and discoveries indicate that the site was occupied as early as the 5th century BC, long before Garama became the capital .
Garama is an oval city in shape, its diameter from east to west 5 K.M. and from north to south 3.5 K.M .The remained ruins are :
-Remains of the old wall.
-Halls.
-Some traditional houses.
- Cemeteries.
-The mausoleum of Uatut.
-Mosques
-A circular fort with , and high towers
-Wall with three gates.

 

3-UBARI :

The second largest town of FEZZAN, about 15 km before the town you will see the ancient" royal" Garamantian cemetery at HATYA. They have a unique shape ,like two pyramids stacked on top of one anther, and are grouped in a cluster in the sand .

4-UBARI SAND SEA :

This area contains more than 11 lakes, Tekirkiba is the point of entry into the sand sea for those heading for the lakes such as :

a-Mafo lake, is known as the lake which changes colour, sometimes the water is red , sometimes blue or green. It's a surreal sight, especially when the water is red .

b-Gabraoun :
The most famous lake in the country , and the lake itself is in a lovely setting ,fringed on one side with palm trees and the ruined old village nestling on the other .The scene is topped off by the magnificent, high sand dunes which is reflected in the lake, and it's as salty as the Dead Sea, but if you dig a few feet from the lake's edge , it fills with fresh water .Very useful if you have been swimming in the lake.

c-Mandara: Which is very pretty and surrounded by palm trees, although the water level can sometimes drop to that of a muddy pool .
The lakes lies on a north –east to south –west axis .The other lakes are "Umm al-Mah, Umm al- Hassan, At-Truna , Tademka ..etc ...

 

5-GHAT & TADRART ACACUS :

acacusThe Acacus area is one of the highlights of LIBYA . The mountainous region of Tadrart Acacus is situated near the country's southwest border, east of the city of Ghat. The site also includes the Murzuk desert which bears traces of the different phases of the Paleolithic era, during which hunters lived surrounded by flora and fauna similar to those that today thrive in tropical regions . Tools have been unearthed across an area covering thousands of kilometres.In the Tadrart Acacus mountains, cave paintings and carvings of various styles are scattered throughout almost all the valleys, representing the various cultural groups that lived there during those long periods of prehistory.
This cave art, discovered in the Libyan desert of fezzan, bears witness to marked climatic changes resulting from the gradual encroachment of the desert. Various European experts have studied these paintings and carvings, but it was professor Fabrizio Mori who succeeded in clearly distinguishing the different periods represented.

A- carvings on the rock face depicting the outline of large animals from the African savannah (around 12,000 B.C.)

B- stylized paintings using yellow, green and red pigments of asexual figures with rounded heads, shown by using carbon-14 to have been produced some 8000 years B.C,

C- polychromatic representations of bovine animals and Mediterranean-type human figures (around 4000 B.C.)

D- representations of horses and carts dated at 1500 B.C., believed to refer to the Garamantes tribes mentioned by Herodotus,

E- monochromic paintings corresponding to the introduction of camels into North Africa at the beginning of the Christian era.
Although the carvings have so far withstood the ravages of time and human intervention, the paintings are disappearing.(see:www. Fulcrum Tv.com)

ghat

 

6-MURZUK:
When Friederich Hornemann first explored the Fezzan in 1798, he wrote:
The kingdom contains 101 towns and villages, of which Murzuk is the capital .He visited the Sultan, reporting that he lived in a castle with only eunuchs to serve him , a harem and about 40 female slaves. Historically, Murzuk had a reputation as a main station of camel caravans .
7- WAW KABIR & WAW NAMUS :
This tiny place has a spectacular desert setting . It is a convenient stop on the way to the Volcanic mountain at Waw Namous .The mountain area is like a moonscape and at the top is a water –filled crater, which is pretty unusual in the middle of the Sahara .
 
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